计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟广泛应用于工程和物理学。流体动力学的标准描述需要在不同的流动方案中求解Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程。然而，CFD仿真的应用是通过高性能计算的可用性，速度和平行性计算的。为了提高计算效率，已用于为CFD创建加速数据驱动近似的机器学习技术。大多数此类方法依赖于大型标记的CFD数据集，其昂贵以在构建强大的数据驱动模型所需的规模上获得。我们使用具有边界和几何条件的多通道输入，在各种边界条件下开发一种弱监控的方法来解决各种边界条件下的稳态N-S方程。我们在没有任何标记的仿真数据的情况下实现最先进的结果，但是使用自定义数据驱动和物理信息的丢失功能，通过使用和小规模的解决方案来赋予模型来解决N-S方程。为了提高分辨率和可预测性，我们培训堆叠模型的增加复杂性为N-S方程产生数值解。没有昂贵的计算，我们的模型以各种障碍和边界条件实现了高可预测性。鉴于其高灵活性，该模型可以在64×64域内在常规桌面计算机上以5毫秒的5毫秒生成解决方案，比常规CFD求解器快1000倍。在本地消费者计算硬件上的交互式CFD仿真翻译在数据传输令人望而越令人望而越来越多，可以提高边值流体问题的尺度，速度和计算成本，可以在实时预测上进行新的应用。

与标准动态范围（SDR）视频相比，高动态范围（HDR）视频可以代表更大的亮度和色彩范围，并且正迅速成为行业标准。与传统SDR视频相比，HDR视频具有更具挑战性的捕获，传输和显示要求。凭借其更大的深度，高级的电流传输功能以及更广泛的颜色范围，因此需要专门设计用于预测HDR视频质量的视频质量算法。为此，我们介绍了HDR视频的首次公开发布的大规模主观研究。我们研究扭曲的影响，例如压缩和混叠对HDR视频质量的影响。我们还通过在黑暗实验室环境和更明亮的客厅环境中进行研究来研究环境照明对HDR视频感知质量的影响。总共有66名受试者参加了这项研究，并收集了20,000多个意见分数，这使得这成为有史以来最大的HDR视频质量研究。我们预计，该数据集将成为研究人员为HDR视频开发更好的感知质量模型的宝贵资源。

我们建议并探讨可以将语言模型作为社会科学研究中特定人类亚人群的有效代理进行研究的可能性。人工智能工具的实践和研究应用有时受到有问题的偏见（例如种族主义或性别歧视）的限制，这些偏见通常被视为模型的统一特性。我们表明，一个这样的工具中的“算法偏见”（GPT-3语言模型）既是细粒度又是人口统计相关的，这意味着适当的条件会导致其准确地仿真来自各种人类的响应分布亚组。我们将此属性称为“算法忠诚度”，并在GPT-3中探索其范围。我们通过将模型调节在美国进行的多项大型调查中的数千个社会人口统计背景故事中调节，从而创建“硅样本”。然后，我们比较硅和人类样品，以证明GPT-3中包含的信息远远超出了表面相似性。它是细微的，多方面的，并反映了特征人类态度的思想，态度和社会文化背景之间的复杂相互作用。我们建议，具有足够算法的忠诚度的语言模型构成了一种新颖而有力的工具，可以促进各种学科的人类和社会的理解。

该手稿解决了预测出院后全因住院再入院或死亡的同时问题，并量化放电放置在防止这些不良事件中的影响。为此，我们开发了一个固有的可解释的多级贝叶斯建模框架，该框架灵感来自重新激活的深神经网络的分段线性。在生存模型中，我们明确调整了混淆，以量化局部平均治疗效果以进行放电的干预措施。从2008年和2011年开始，我们对5％的Medicare受益人样本进行了培训，然后在2012年的索赔中测试了该模型。该模型对30天全因素外的再选中（使用官方CMS方法定义）的分类精度进行了评估，该模型对XGBoost，Logistic回归（功能工程后）和对同一数据进行训练的贝叶斯深神经网络的执行方式相似。该模型对30天的分类任务进行了预测的30天分类任务，该任务是使用剩下的未来数据进行测试，该模型的AUROC约为0.76，AUPRC约为0.50（相对于测试数据中的总体阳性速率），AUPRC的AUPRC达到了约0.76，而AUPRC的AUPRC则达到了AUPRC，则获得了AUPRC。证明人们不需要为准确性而牺牲可解释性。此外，该模型的测试AUROC为0.78，分类为90天全因素外再入院或死亡。我们很容易地凝视着我们固有的可解释模型，总结了其主要发现。此外，我们演示了Black-box Perthoc解释器工具的形状如何生成不受拟合模型支持的解释 - 如果以面值为单位，则没有提供足够的上下文来使模型可操作。

Systemic Lupus红斑（SLE）是一种罕见的自身免疫疾病，其特征是令人无法预测的耀斑和缓解的速度，具有不同的表现形式。狼疮性肾炎，SLE用于器官损伤和死亡率的主要疾病表现之一，是卢布斯分类标准的关键组成部分。因此，准确地鉴定电子健康记录（EHRS）中的狼疮性肾炎将使大型队列观察研究和临床试验有益于患者人口的表征对于招聘，研究设计和分析至关重要。可以通过程序代码和结构化数据来认可狼疮肾炎，例如实验室测试。然而，记录狼疮肾炎的其他关键信息，例如来自肾脏活检和先前的医学史叙事的组织学报告，需要复杂的文本处理，以从病理报告和临床笔记中挖掘信息。在这项研究中，我们开发了使用EHR数据识别鉴定狼疮肾炎的血管肾炎，而不使用自然语言处理（NLP）。我们开发了四种算法：仅使用结构化数据（基线算法）和使用不同NLP模型的三种算法的规则的算法。这三种NLP模型基于正则化逻辑回归，并使用不同的特征集，包括积极提及概念独特标识符（Cue），耐备的外观数量，以及三个部件的混合物。基线算法和最佳执行的NLP算法在Vanderbilt University Center（VUMC）的数据集上验证了外部验证。我们最佳地执行来自结构化数据，正则表达式概念和映射的特征的NLP模型，与基线狼疮性肾炎算法相比，在NMEDW（0.41 VS 0.79）和VUMC（0.62 VS 0.96）数据集中有所改善。

生成对抗性网络（GANS）的最新进展导致了面部图像合成的显着成果。虽然使用基于样式的GAN的方法可以产生尖锐的照片拟真的面部图像，但是通常难以以有意义和解开的方式控制所产生的面的特性。之前的方法旨在在先前培训的GaN的潜在空间内实现此类语义控制和解剖。相比之下，我们提出了一个框架，即明确地提出了诸如3D形状，反玻璃，姿势和照明的面部的身体属性，从而通过设计提供解剖。我们的方法，大多数GaN，与非线性3D可变模型的物理解剖和灵活性集成了基于风格的GAN的表现力和质感，我们与最先进的2D头发操纵网络相结合。大多数GaN通过完全解散的3D控制来实现肖像图像的照片拟理性操纵，从而实现了光线，面部表情和姿势变化的极端操作，直到完整的档案视图。

There are multiple scales of abstraction from which we can describe the same image, depending on whether we are focusing on fine-grained details or a more global attribute of the image. In brain mapping, learning to automatically parse images to build representations of both small-scale features (e.g., the presence of cells or blood vessels) and global properties of an image (e.g., which brain region the image comes from) is a crucial and open challenge. However, most existing datasets and benchmarks for neuroanatomy consider only a single downstream task at a time. To bridge this gap, we introduce a new dataset, annotations, and multiple downstream tasks that provide diverse ways to readout information about brain structure and architecture from the same image. Our multi-task neuroimaging benchmark (MTNeuro) is built on volumetric, micrometer-resolution X-ray microtomography images spanning a large thalamocortical section of mouse brain, encompassing multiple cortical and subcortical regions. We generated a number of different prediction challenges and evaluated several supervised and self-supervised models for brain-region prediction and pixel-level semantic segmentation of microstructures. Our experiments not only highlight the rich heterogeneity of this dataset, but also provide insights into how self-supervised approaches can be used to learn representations that capture multiple attributes of a single image and perform well on a variety of downstream tasks. Datasets, code, and pre-trained baseline models are provided at: https://mtneuro.github.io/ .

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

Compliance in actuation has been exploited to generate highly dynamic maneuvers such as throwing that take advantage of the potential energy stored in joint springs. However, the energy storage and release could not be well-timed yet. On the contrary, for multi-link systems, the natural system dynamics might even work against the actual goal. With the introduction of variable stiffness actuators, this problem has been partially addressed. With a suitable optimal control strategy, the approximate decoupling of the motor from the link can be achieved to maximize the energy transfer into the distal link prior to launch. However, such continuous stiffness variation is complex and typically leads to oscillatory swing-up motions instead of clear launch sequences. To circumvent this issue, we investigate decoupling for speed maximization with a dedicated novel actuator concept denoted Bi-Stiffness Actuation. With this, it is possible to fully decouple the link from the joint mechanism by a switch-and-hold clutch and simultaneously keep the elastic energy stored. We show that with this novel paradigm, it is not only possible to reach the same optimal performance as with power-equivalent variable stiffness actuation, but even directly control the energy transfer timing. This is a major step forward compared to previous optimal control approaches, which rely on optimizing the full time-series control input.

The previous fine-grained datasets mainly focus on classification and are often captured in a controlled setup, with the camera focusing on the objects. We introduce the first Fine-Grained Vehicle Detection (FGVD) dataset in the wild, captured from a moving camera mounted on a car. It contains 5502 scene images with 210 unique fine-grained labels of multiple vehicle types organized in a three-level hierarchy. While previous classification datasets also include makes for different kinds of cars, the FGVD dataset introduces new class labels for categorizing two-wheelers, autorickshaws, and trucks. The FGVD dataset is challenging as it has vehicles in complex traffic scenarios with intra-class and inter-class variations in types, scale, pose, occlusion, and lighting conditions. The current object detectors like yolov5 and faster RCNN perform poorly on our dataset due to a lack of hierarchical modeling. Along with providing baseline results for existing object detectors on FGVD Dataset, we also present the results of a combination of an existing detector and the recent Hierarchical Residual Network (HRN) classifier for the FGVD task. Finally, we show that FGVD vehicle images are the most challenging to classify among the fine-grained datasets.